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Contents Page

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Here are overhead transparencies for PSY 111 Introduction to Psychology

PSYCHOLOGY------THE SCIENCE OF BEHAVIOR AND MENTAL PROCESSES.

3.

4. GEsrrl~L 1~ J~SYCI-IOLO(~'Y ---(nt--I-2) FfJU'N'DERS :~ 'W'ER1~HEIIVIER,

•

I{OHLElt., I(AFF'I~:~I\, ErI'C·. sr-rUDIED

OI~lGANIZ.Ar-rION OF CONSCIOUS EX:PERIENC·E (ESP. IIiERCEPTION) GESTALT = WHOLE₁ PA.TTERN,

ORGANIZA TION, C·OMPOUND

5. BEHA \lIORISM---(+9-I-3) founders =

W atsoll~ Pa vlov~ S){illlller_t Thorndil<e., Studied behavior as ac.tiOJl. Psy·c.llology should be ::1 scien(~.e of behavior. All

beh.avior is «lssociative (S -Il) (It - S) Used experillleIlt .

. 6. I-IU·~iANISM·m_--(+9-3-9) FO'unders =

J

-~~ If.:lit •... , .• ow· 1~)e'lv 1_S' I") OO'C-'" f'<

.l.lIi'A-SJ. .•... s' .' ..I~.~, \.. O· ,·1 St

rvlay, (~tc.. Itt;ac.ted 3rgainst

I

)Svc.lloa,l13"lysis a,Ild ]Jeha,vio.·-

6l •

iSlll. l~'oc.ued ()Il ine:livid.ua,l

(

••••• 0( • ~.

••... c.~ . ',' ,.. . . "4["( - .. ..

-W.'~,L~:-; 11],1.:1.(1 II.e. .. ... (.)nc.ept~~~ - [lCl.I.lg_t

"

7. COGNITI\lJI PSYCI-I()I~(:)(i'Y ---(~) F'()Ull(lers = Bl"ullel"~ 1\rlill.er~ lJia,ge.t_t C)l()nlsl{,,,~, etc.. l~'oc.us OJl Illind and

••..

IliHeIltal})(it'()c.ess (tllirlkil.l.g, laJlgl1ag-e

ir.IDl.f ()I."nJ.~I,ti()II. :pl.~o~eeSSiI}g~ :Ex. )el\tin 0:' ~: l

. .

::"~.:.:.::.:":.:":-:.:":.:":.:.:.::.:.:.:.:.:.:-:". ~ .. :.:.:.:.:-:~ .. :.: .. :~ .. :.~ .. : .. :.:.:.:.:.:.: .. :~.:.:-:: .. : .. :.:.: .. : .. :.:.:.:.:.:~.:.:.: .. :.:: .. : .. :.: .. :.: .. : .. :.:.:.: .. : .. :.: .. :.:.: .. : .. :.:.:.: .. : .. : .. :.: .. : .. :.:.: .. : .. : .. : .. :.:.: .. : .. :.:~'.: ... :.:.:.:.:.:.:.: .. ::.: .. :.: .. :.:.:.: .. :.:.:.:.: .. :~.:~.;.:.:.: .. :.:.:.:.:.:.:.: .. : .. :.:.: .. :.:: :.:~ .. :.:.:.:.:.:~.:.:.: .. :.: .. : .. : .. :.:.:.: .. :.:~.:.: .. :.: .. : .. :.:.:.:.:.: .. : .. :.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.: .. :.! .. !.:.:.~ .. :~.:.:-:.:.:~.::.:::! .. : .. :.:.:.:.:.:.:.

MENTAL r OCESSES-., activines.~1 actio of ~ *"'*"'C!!"'"Ci;,<,*,*:c!!",*m"'!!;.'''~r<'i1i~'''braiii . (thinking. seeing. ~ . K"'~~

.. remembering. feeling. etc.) . \ rtJr"c, .

;::$':$$::::::~:::::::::'''~::::::::::::::::~::::::;:::;.::::::::~~::::~~:::~:::::~~§::::::::::::::*:::::::::::::~::::::::::::::::::~::::::::::::::::::::::::::;,;:::::::::::::::~§:·:.·5::::::::::::::::~:::::~:::~:::::::~::::~:~:::::::::::::::::::~::::::,:::::::~:::::::;::::::$::::~::$:::::::::::~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::~::~:~::::::::::$::::::~:::::::~::::::~::~~;,:::::::::::~::::~.:.:I::::::::::::::::~:+:: '. \

HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY:. 18'79---FIRST PSCYHOLOGY LABORATORY (WILHE·Ll\1 WUNDT, fatelier' c;)! modern scientific psychology)

:~.: : .. :.:-:~.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:~.:.:.: .. :.:.::.: .. :.:.:.:-:.:.:.: .. :.: .. :.:.:.~ .. :.:.:.:.:.:.: .. :.~~.:.:.:.:.:~.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:::.: .. ?~.:.::.:.:-:.: .. :.:.:.: .. :.:.:.:.:.:.:.: .. :.: .. :.: .. : .. :.:.:-:.:.: .. :.:.: .. :.: .. :.: .. :.: .. : .. : .. : .. :.:.:-:.:.:.:.: .. :.:.: .. :-:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.~ ••. :-::~ .. :.: .. :-:~ .. : .. :.:.:.:.:~ .. :.:.:.: .. :.:.:.:~.:.::.:.: .. : .. :.: .. :.:.:.: .. :.:-:.:~.:.: .. :-:.:":.:~.:.:.:-:.: .. :.:.~~.:.:.: .. : .. : .. :.:.:.: .. :.:.:-:-:.:.:.~ .• :.:.:-:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:-:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.

l. . STRUCT{J.R·ALISM----(~) FOtJNDER = WUJ\;QT STUDIED "STRUCTURE ,OF THE MIND" (CONTE!'YT OF CONSCIOUS EXPERIENCE) BY ANALYZING PJlIMAR Y MENT . .\L ELEMENTS. USED INTROSPECTlION.

. ~:

. FUN,CTIONALISM---(-.e) FOUNDERS = JAMES, ~E,WEY, ET· AL .. STUDIED CONSCIOUS-

. . . ~. ..

"STREtM of CONSCIOUSNESS" I

. ~~,.,,~ ~ ~ ,.,.~ *"'.tI')I .

I. PSYCHOANALYSIS---(lM8) FOUNDER = F8EUD

. STUDIED UNCONSCIOUS MIND. FOCUS

, ON ADULT ERA VIO AS CONTROLLED

Y UNC N U . CE (E. C

. l'~. ) _ U . ·U. Y/I

4.

5.

6.

7.

GOALS OF SCIENCE

· UNDERSTANDING/EXPLANATION

· PREDICTION

· CONTROL

METHODS

· EXPERIMENT

· OBSERVATION

• CORRELATION

FORMS OF KNOWING

MYSTIC1SNI - Knowledge gained by faith.

Inspir.atjon~ jntuitio~ spells, Magie; revelation, visions, ~1c .. (religion, artLmusic 'talent')

A TIONALISM - Knowledge gained by Reason, tagle, eritical'thinking (phiJosophy, math, JoWc)

EMP1RICISM- KnowJedge'gained from Experience (sense D.bsent.atiDn)

(SClENCE)

.

PSYCHOLOGY'S TWO ROOTS

• PHILOSOPHY (RATIONALISM) .

HYSJOLOG

8.

ypothesis

-a research question;' a statement of a

.pptential eOlpirical rela tionship betwee~ two or more .variables.- ' .

. act--an obServation: an eventof actm

.. . occurrence .. {J .,fA)

h eo ry -interpretation/explanation of (inference from) facts; 'a set of·ideas that determine what facts to notice, how' to organiz how to ,interpret and ,what probleins to stlJdy.

TheQrY.. 7?.c' , ._' .•

~ W4ft, '."'; "'-.. .•

·4# ' • '- ,." It!.

Fact~B" , '~observation

datum,

9.

10.

Fact A observatiOh

datum

,.

-even incomplete tbeone~tJse .

. e ~h'theory explainS some (but net aU) facts

.,. , W 0 all p enomena: stimulate ,new da

t· t y t ·gidly:

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

· . METHOD = SCIENCE

--

(PERIMENT --- Illost powerflilinethod;

atlipula tiOl1 Ralldoilliza tioll . ~ COlltrol

Llrposive lllailiplilatioll of illdepelldellt

a.riable( s) to llleasure· tIle effect 011 depedellt aiable(s) while controllillg extralleOliS variables

IV ------------~ D V (E.V)

)nly Illethod tllat allows for calIse-effect

ta tenlellts. Hard to do; artifjcality I gelleralizab )BSE.RV A TION (Natllral alld Participallt) lillstrllctl.lred data collectjotl wllere Olle Silllply observes pIle IlOllle lla ( lla tliral) or participates.

E.asy to do; error Ibiasl cOlltrol .

OBSER V A TION (LAB) -- systeilla tiel strllctllre data collectjoll (Of tell llses objective ·records TV, Video, alldio, Olle-"Tay~ lllirrors. More coot CORRE.LA TION -- ~A. 11leaSlire of tile extellt to whicll two ,'aria.hles are related; luathelnatic

study; 110 calIse-effect; watcll illtervellillg var

* * .

ETHO

16.

17.

*11 orlter to assess extellt of pl-leIlOllleIla; llar"'({ Illake reliable/valid; eror·/bias

SlJR.V~E.Y (Qllestiollllai~es/ illterviews) -- solie' d' .ta c()llectioll fro III Illlillall sllbjects wllerel>

- l e,stiollS. are asked.

Y -- Arcllival stl1.d.)l for- clillical l

18.

AltEAS Ol~' SI>ECIJ\.I",IZArI'ION·

=====::'===.:===--::::;'====

r-tLlI'NIrtAI "'I"

t,,· Jt . " ••..• ,. -" y

C·Ot·UNSELING tJl

,

APl)l~IED

. ~

19.

SCIIOOl, '(~ INDUSTRIAL/BUSINESS l.j/

EXPERIMENTAL 1j/ PHYSIOLOGICAL 1j/ l)E.VEl,~I1JM:EI\4T\i\L y

\

JtEn~S·lo"llo.TA·1f ·11·'··I·'y 1//

~ ..•.. :~. _I· ••..•. ·1., ~1,.l .....• t.I!..Il!. 'f'

l)U'RE (Bf . I(~)

....•

AB N"() !:tIVl.l4.L 1;/

El'GINEEI-lIl'lG If

I

20.

GOALS OF SCIENCE

· UNDERSTANDING/EXPLANATION

· PREDICTION

· CONTROL

METHODS

· EXPERIMENT

· OBSERVATION

• CORRELATION

· . METHOD = SCIENCE

--

(PERIMENT --- Illost powerflilinethod;

atlipula tiOl1 Ralldoilliza tioll . ~ COlltrol

Llrposive lllailiplilatioll of illdepelldellt

a.riable( s) to llleasure· tIle effect 011 depedellt aiable(s) while controllillg extralleOliS variables

IV ------------~ D V (E.V)

)nly Illethod tllat allows for calIse-effect

ta tenlellts. Hard to do; artifjcality I gelleralizab )BSE.RV A TION (Natllral alld Participallt) lillstrllctl.lred data collectjotl wllere Olle Silllply observes pIle IlOllle lla ( lla tliral) or participates.

E.asy to do; error Ibiasl cOlltrol .

OBSER V A TION (LAB) -- systeilla tiel strllctllre data collectjoll (Of tell llses objective ·records TV, Video, alldio, Olle-"Tay~ lllirrors. More coot CORRE.LA TION -- ~A. 11leaSlire of tile extellt to whicll two ,'aria.hles are related; luathelnatic

study; 110 calIse-effect; watcll illtervellillg var

* * .

ETHO

21.

22.

*11 orlter to assess extellt of pl-leIlOllleIla; llar"'({ Illake reliable/valid; eror·/bias

SlJR.V~E.Y (Qllestiollllai~es/ illterviews) -- solie' d' .ta c()llectioll fro III Illlillall sllbjects wllerel>

- l e,stiollS. are asked.

Y -- Arcllival stl1.d.)l for- clillical l

23.

24.

4. GEsrrl~L 1~ J~SYCI-IOLO(~'Y ---(nt--I-2) FfJU'N'DERS :~ 'W'ER1~HEIIVIER,

•

I{OHLElt., I(AFF'I~:~I\, ErI'C·. sr-rUDIED

OI~lGANIZ.Ar-rION OF CONSCIOUS EX:PERIENC·E (ESP. IIiERCEPTION) GESTALT = WHOLE₁ PA.TTERN,

ORGANIZA TION, C·OMPOUND

5. BEHA \lIORISM---(+9-I-3) founders =

W atsoll~ Pa vlov~ S){illlller_t Thorndil<e., Studied behavior as ac.tiOJl. Psy·c.llology should be ::1 scien(~.e of behavior. All

beh.avior is «lssociative (S -Il) (It - S) Used experillleIlt .

. 6. I-IU·~iANISM·m_--(+9-3-9) FO'unders =

J

-~~ If.:lit •... , .• ow· 1~)e'lv 1_S' I") OO'C-'" f'<

.l.lIi'A-SJ. .•... s' .' ..I~.~, \.. O· ,·1 St

rvlay, (~tc.. Itt;ac.ted 3rgainst

I

)Svc.lloa,l13"lysis a,Ild ]Jeha,vio.·-

6l •

iSlll. l~'oc.ued ()Il ine:livid.ua,l

(

••••• 0( • ~.

••... c.~ . ',' ,.. . . "4["( - .. ..

-W.'~,L~:-; 11],1.:1.(1 II.e. .. ... (.)nc.ept~~~ - [lCl.I.lg_t

"

7. COGNITI\lJI PSYCI-I()I~(:)(i'Y ---(~) F'()Ull(lers = Bl"ullel"~ 1\rlill.er~ lJia,ge.t_t C)l()nlsl{,,,~, etc.. l~'oc.us OJl Illind and

••..

IliHeIltal})(it'()c.ess (tllirlkil.l.g, laJlgl1ag-e

ir.IDl.f ()I."nJ.~I,ti()II. :pl.~o~eeSSiI}g~ :Ex. )el\tin 0:' ~: l

BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY

25.

R'·1il1 • ..-Jinv 1llf))p'k'~ ()f l\lp.r""I""\ln~ svsteIIl

.a-. .•.•....•. .!I!L.!!t. "":,.·'!foo.!!LA.m. 0 ~ JH. .•• oJ" "'="" J!1.......... """""'.!H. .L" ~ J!!. y .•..•••• ' '":L'.ba.JI .,.

-IIi 1J.Il T

II 1"1 Alllill' ..••. :t .. "!Ifjlil~' "" ' f

1Il •• 1 '1vV~i! . .i. v·.i1.ill3 - t~eCe1Ve, pi~OCeSS, a.no seno 111 orilla.HoD only

-- ~l~ ot.he~~ func~tion ~. '... 10^/7

.... Jflo hea-hog, g1i owth, excreho:n ;~~

- susepta.ble to injuli"'y : . I\.J).

- interconnected with 1,000 t.o 1 O,,""f others

- either "on". (sending electricity) (excitatory)

" ~f'" t i " "t' 't '\ ('" h 'b' .,

or of (no .. seno1.ng e!ec .r1C1 ·Y.1 .10 1 tt-or}')

- one billjon

hc.~J,vA.., .. A: ,

2.~ Glial Cells (lletl.rogliI1i)·

- provide biological support (exct~etion, respiration, etc,)

- do gro"v

- one t.rillion -

NerVOllS Activity

illtt"'"a -llellrOll = electrical ( 01"l:e direction)

. iAlter-lll.ellrOll = chelnical

'Ii! "

()j'''alll = electrocheluical

Netlr"CY1l11 Parts

f~()c-?})

.

rOQ"ralTI1TI111

" Delldrit.es (receive inforlnation)

.4₁ l\ · .•. "..0· 1--· i ... · •...• ~al ...• s1nl·ts·· l"l"l·^I:OO·tl'"I"ti'} .•. , t'~OI .•...• -',

••••• .l ~ -"~. .il. •••. It.l (:.1 I .1 _lJ. 1 U, It.1I. .1.1 )

CeIltral Ne-rV'OlIS SystelJl I.Spillal cord

II. Braitl

Spillal Cord

1. pathv.la.y for infornl.a.tion

-- sensory (in) motor (out.) . .

2. contf'qls body below neck (spinal nerves)'

3. reflex (sinl.ple, involunt.a:ry nl.uscle nl0venlent) _ .. info~ _·--)spinaJ. CQi'~ --- nlu~icle / no ,.,in

BlraiJo.

1 ~ ]8 r"-flill

.R

Sl.eIl1n. (f'f;.ptHe)-aulonorn'ic

Junct.ions:

iI ~l . ~ . . . f ...

--UH?bUlI. a-p:it€f\V'lI.reO, a.lH.o:rnal.1C unCT:1I.0ns.

(brea.thing, tl\eart, pupil, etc.) .• t l' "

--pons- sleep, '",vaking, dreandng,I",'ifiA 1.-,

-·:..t~et.icu!a.r activa.ting Syst£"~ .. 1- info filterf'"

_._ ••.• l!.lid,"'·r .... $ 1·0 Ia~ I ~

!\!._!! _. v_ £-. -- , l' T~ ..•.. '"

c .. F- eJ·-~ Ir ....•. ~illIt'-;'fllIY-I ~-w ll-I-1,-iJ\1l:0""" 'Iii •. -",

~, 'IIC''tJ ~JIl. qt;Q!, \,.,,-. _ JU!. .1lI.\. .••

S'vstelll (' filfiL.rnrnal)

~.... . .

-·-ce!~ebelh.ull ("litde bra.inⁿ)

- stot~a.ge of cOiO.lplex, coordina.ted luovenlen't.

--lhubic systern (hippocanlj)'Us, a.iuygdala., fOi~nix, cinglda.te. gyn.ls:,

. :~Pt~~se;le.ucl-;' mai:J:.r~:o~)

(]\1err~olt'·y a.nt..! cllnQhon) co .,.. -I-i'''' ,,,,,0":4 t ,-.",

FOlir Lobes

.. - ~

(allalysis, tllillkillg)

26.

.::>. ·"'b·,,···:.~.lJ~·~···~·'liJ.it ••. ~ fJ _ •••••• 'Ii"'" \Vl~'11.1··1i·10' 1·[~.'·"'lTi'0'~·li~ 1 .•..•.•.. 1':t'e""1···"".·~·

«:<t .• l.a ~_ . .I\!lIlJl .•. 11:'1.1 ,.ll. ..• II1:'l .. II.n.II!50, . .11 •..• IOJ! n., JI ••• n 1:::0 ·Jll ~.II .• ;.

h. prernot.Oli - cornplex n~ov*:~nlent and tea-rninf:.;

~ • p' i , 7 •

........ Foo .. ~ tt l"t t *1 t"

,//, JfP""::!D .r. ...•..... r:J4ta S· .. · .. )·a-ff.-·-^liI_a·.1 ..••. ]a .-.., "m c& lr-l·~·-'·" ··- ..• ea· l ... ()1''I

.• ).. . l\?;.~l lrt... .;if;.. ...•• - Iu.J .~. '(. 11L,.~., , .. / .·(:.;,.C . .11 •• ~(... ]l~ ...• '~"'.··.m. t .. · 1,"''''.1)1 .1 ... UdJ.

~ • "'[ Itf." ~

....

27.

'¥I'll ••. •

It i"\.lrt.OllOlll.IC (involunia.t,y tuusdes)

-·-functions autornat:ica.Hy rhodv rna.intenanc .

. ,-,~."·.s' r, .. rii·s" • .' U&:~ nc~

A~£~· ••• l ••. ~· i· "

i\. S'll1i.1)a ti]eti(~

4Ia _,

---arOllsa C¹fight. or flight^U)

,,_,_Ii rl"lllCa- 1 - " , d t .... t

f...,f/, ~l "J' "-l .. ::~ , .•. tncrea.se lea.r" ra. .e

r~\~piration :s\-vea.t

a.dr·enaHn (hor-rn.oni';;~)

dec.'eased blood. novv t.o ski.n

~ sa.livation

". ". atS'V]]] l)a tIle tic

•.. t

fP..i

axes/ ca.lllls aller a:r()llsa,.

28.

29.

" t" r-esptr-a .. 1\on

~"vea.t v.ncn:~ased btooo Ho,,-v •• -'r. ."." .• ,..., t' ':Ot-

. -_ .. _- - ... _--_._._- _ .... _~:_~:~~_._=:~:.~~_._~ .... _-- ------- _. --.-.

.. . ... ",' ,:t' 1"1 , 'II II ,"1''1, );.\~ ~\! . I .l.l "

~1' *,,-Jft:~;1 tⁱ'I. .. ~,t.\.1

:0' n.{\ i i:.Ji '·.U U' .

I, ~'Il' 'llJ~\ ~ Jl.h'·

30.

~ • "'[ Itf." ~

....

31.

'¥I'll ••. •

It i"\.lrt.OllOlll.IC (involunia.t,y tuusdes)

-·-functions autornat:ica.Hy rhodv rna.intenanc .

. ,-,~."·.s' r, .. rii·s" • .' U&:~ nc~

A~£~· ••• l ••. ~· i· "

i\. S'll1i.1)a ti]eti(~

4Ia _,

---arOllsa C¹fight. or flight^U)

,,_,_Ii rl"lllCa- 1 - " , d t .... t

f...,f/, ~l "J' "-l .. ::~ , .•. tncrea.se lea.r" ra. .e

r~\~piration :s\-vea.t

a.dr·enaHn (hor-rn.oni';;~)

dec.'eased blood. novv t.o ski.n

~ sa.livation

". ". atS'V]]] l)a tIle tic

•.. t

fP..i

axes/ ca.lllls aller a:r()llsa,.

32.

33.

" t" r-esptr-a .. 1\on

~"vea.t v.ncn:~ased btooo Ho,,-v •• -'r. ."." .• ,..., t' ':Ot-

. -_ .. _- - ... _--_._._- _ .... _~:_~:~~_._=:~:.~~_._~ .... _-- ------- _. --.-.

.. . ... ",' ,:t' 1"1 , 'II II ,"1''1, );.\~ ~\! . I .l.l "

~1' *,,-Jft:~;1 tⁱ'I. .. ~,t.\.1

:0' n.{\ i i:.Ji '·.U U' .

I, ~'Il' 'llJ~\ ~ Jl.h'·

34.

Learning- relatively permanent change in behavior resulting from experience (hot maturation/drug states) with environment (physical/s,?cial)

Mafur~tion~process o'biologi~allypre~determ}ned pafterris"'-'" :~_. . of behavior that unfold on hereditary Schedule

Development = learning + maturation (" ,~,.." .•. )